RNA is primarily responsible for what function in cells?

RNA plays a critical role in the process of protein synthesis, which is why this is the correct answer. In cells, RNA is involved in translating the genetic code carried by DNA into proteins, which perform essential functions within the organism. The process begins with transcription, where messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a DNA template. This mRNA then travels from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for translation. During translation, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) work together to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, ultimately leading to the formation of proteins.

In contrast, the roles of storing genetic information are primarily performed by DNA, which serves as the blueprint for the organism. Transmitting genetic information describes how genes are passed from parents to offspring, also a primary function of DNA. While RNA is involved in some aspects of cell division, particularly in the synthesis of proteins necessary for the process, it is not the main function attributed to RNA. Thus, the key function of RNA in the context of cellular activity and molecular biology is its indispensable role in protein synthesis.